- 1931 Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with
cancer cells. He later goes on to establish the U.S. Army Biological Warfare
facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is named to the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission. While there, he begins a series of radiation exposure experiments on
American soldiers and civilian hospital patients.
-
- 1932 The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men
diagnosed with syphilis are never told of their illness, are denied treatment,
and instead are used as human guinea pigs in order to follow the progression and
symptoms of the disease. They all subsequently die from syphilis, their families
never told that they could have been treated.
-
- 1935 The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die
from Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service finally
acts to stem the disease. The director of the agency admits it had known for at
least 20 years that Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed to act
since most of the deaths occured within poverty-striken black
populations.
-
- 1940 Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with
Malaria in order to study the effects of new and experimental drugs to
- combat the disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg
cite this American study to defend their own actions during the
Holocaust.
-
- 1942 Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments
on approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and made
use of Seventh Day Adventists who chose to become human guinea pigs rather than
serve on active duty.
-
- 1943 In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program,
the U.S. begins research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.
-
- 1944 U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and
clothing. Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas
and lewisite.
-
- 1945 Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State
Department, Army intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer
them immunity and secret identities in exchange for work on top secret
government projects in the United States.
-
- 1945 "Program F" is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission (AEC). This is the most extensive U.S. study of the health effects of
fluoride, which was the key chemical component in atomic bomb production. One of
the most toxic chemicals known to man, fluoride, it is found, causes marked
adverse effects to the central nervous system but much of the information is
squelched in the name of national security because of fear that lawsuits would
undermine full-scale production of atomic bombs.
-
- 1946 Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for
medical experiments. In order to allay suspicions, the order is given to change
the word "experiments" to "investigations" or "observations" whenever reporting
a medical study performed in one of the nation's veteran's hospitals.
-
- 1947 Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy
Comission issues a secret document (Document 07075001, January 8, 1947) stating
that the agency will begin administering intravenous doses of radioactive
substances to human subjects.
-
- 1947 The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for
use by American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military) are
used with and without their knowledge.
-
- 1950 Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear
weapons in desert areas and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and
mortality rates.
-
- 1950 I n an experiment to determine how susceptible an
American city would be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of
bacteria from ships over San Franciso. Monitoring devices are situated
throughout the city in order to test the extent of infection. Many residents
become ill with pneumonia-like symptoms.
-
- 1951 Department of Defense begins open air tests using
disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and there is
concern that people in the surrounding areas have been exposed.
-
- 1953 U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas
over Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in
Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to determine how efficiently
they could disperse chemical agents.
-
- 1953 Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which
tens of thousands of people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the
airborne germs Serratia marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.
-
- 1953 CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year
research program designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that
would be used for mind control and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects
involved testing the agents on unwitting human beings.
-
- 1955 The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect
human populations with biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn from the
Army's biological warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl.
-
- 1955 Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its
potential use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans
participate in the tests, which continue until 1958.
-
- 1956 U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow
Fever over Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents
posing as public health officials test victims for effects.
-
- 1958 LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical
Warfare Laboratories for its effect on intelligence.
-
- 1960 The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI)
authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of the
european population is code named Project THIRD CHANCE; testing of the Asian
population is code named Project DERBY HAT.
-
- 1965 Project CIA and Department of Defense begin Project
MKSEARCH, a program to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through
the use of mind-altering drugs.
-
- 1965 Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia
are subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange
used in Viet Nam. The men are later studied for development of cancer, which
indicates that Agent Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all along.
-
- 1966 CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the
toxicological effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.
-
- 1966 U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger
throughout the New York City subway system. More than a million civilians are
exposed when army scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto
ventilation grates.
-
- 1967 CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI,
successor to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and
chemical weapons.
-
- 1968 CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning
drinking water by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in
Washington, D.C.
-
- 1969 Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests
from congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic
biological agent to which no natural immunity exists.
-
- 1970 Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained
under H.R. 15090. The project, under the supervision of the CIA, is carried out
by the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the army's top secret
biological weapons facility. Speculation is raised that molecular biology
techniques are used to produce AIDS-like retroviruses.
-
- 1970 United States intensifies its development of "ethnic
weapons" (Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and
eliminate specific ethnic groups who are susceptible due to genetic differences
and variations in DNA.
-
- 1975 The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological
Warfare Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed
under the supervision of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) . It is here that a
special virus cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy, purportedly to
develop cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that retrovirologists isolate a
virus to which no immunity exists. It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia
Virus).
-
- 1977 Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm
that 239 populated areas had been contaminated with biological agents between
1949 and 1969. Some of the areas included San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key
West, Panama City, Minneapolis, and St. Louis.
-
- 1978 Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the
CDC, begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research subjects
specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual men.
-
- 1981 First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in
New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS may
have been introduced via the Hepatitis B vaccine
-
- 1985 According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and
VISNA, a fatal sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a close taxonomic and
evolutionary relationship.
-
- 1986 According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences (83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all
structural elements, except for a small segment which is nearly identical to
HTLV. This leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA may have been linked to
produce a new retrovirus to which no natural immunity exists.
-
- 1986 A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's
current generation of biological agents includes: modified viruses, naturally
occurring toxins, and agents that are altered through genetic engineering to
change immunological character and prevent treatment by all existing
vaccines.
-
- 1987 Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty
banning research and development of biological agents, it continues to operate
research facilities at 127 facilities and universities around the nation.
-
- 1990 More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in
Los Angeles are given an "experimental" measles vaccine that had never been
licensed for use in the United States. CDC later admits that parents were never
informed that the vaccine being injected to their children was
experimental.
-
- 1994 With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth
Nicolson at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many
returning Desert Storm veterans are infected with an altered strain of
Mycoplasma incognitus, a microbe commonly used in the production of biological
weapons. Incorporated into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the HIV
protein coat, indicating that it had been man-made.
-
- 1994 Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing
that for at least 50 years the Department of Defense has used hundreds of
thousands of military personnel in human experiments and for intentional
exposure to dangerous substances. Materials included mustard and nerve gas,
ionizing radiation, psychochemicals, hallucinogens, and drugs used during the
Gulf War .
-
- 1995 U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war
criminals and scientists who had performed human medical experiments salaries
and immunity from prosecution in exchange for data on biological warfare
research.
-
- 1995 Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological
agents used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca
Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections.
-
- 1996 Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers
were exposed to chemical agents.
-
- 1997 Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding
an investigation into bioweapons use & Gulf War Syndrome.
-
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